What is equality
Equality means that every person should get equal opportunities for his progress and development of his personality and every person should be treated equally. No particular class should be privileged. Thus it can be said that equality of opportunity is equality in the true sense i.e. every person should get equal opportunities for development.
Definitions of equality
According to D.D. Rieffel, “The principle of equality implies that all people have equal rights and that basic human needs must be satisfied. It also includes opportunities for the development and use of human equality.”
According to Barker, “Equality means that the facilities which are available in the form of rights and in the same amount those facilities are available to others and I must also get the rights which are given to others.”
According to Laski, “Equality does not mean that everyone is treated equally or that every person is given equal pay. If the salary of a bricklayer is made equal to that of a famous mathematician or scientist, then it serves the purpose of society. Therefore equality means that there should be no privileged class and that everyone should get equal opportunities to progress.
Negative concepts of equality
Some inequalities are found between man and man from nature itself. It is natural to find differences between some people in terms of education ability and talent, so they cannot be equal in this point of view. In the negative form of equality, equality means the abolition of privileges of a particular class, which are available to some persons on the basis of birth, property, religion or colour. It does not literally mean establishing equality because all persons cannot be the same. Some are capable, some are unfit, some are strong and some are weak, their needs are also not the same. In short, accepting these different elements, equality means removing those inequalities which are not natural and have arisen due to lack of equal opportunity.
positive concept of equality
The real meaning of equality is to treat the same people equally. Every person has equal importance in the society, so every person in the society and the state should get equal opportunity to develop himself and the state should behave fairly with all the people in the society. Individuals should not be discriminated on the basis of caste, religion, language, colour, race, sex, property, race and nationality.
Type of equality
There are following 9 types of equality
1. Natural Equality - The proponents of natural equality believe that nature has created all human beings equal. Nature has not discriminated against them. Everyone followed the laws of nature. If nature has made all human beings equal then society and state have no right to differentiate between them. Although at present this notion is invalid because of course nature has made everyone equal but not every person can be equal in personal qualities and experiences.
2. Citizen Equality - Citizen equality means that all the citizens of the state should get equal rights and the state should not discriminate against its citizens in any way. For the establishment of civil equality, the system of law should be made equal and the system of law, court and punishment should be made equal.
3. Social equality- Social equality refers to the abolition of privileges in the society. No one should be discriminated on the basis of caste, religion, race, caste, varna and property. Apart from this, social evils like slavery, forced labor and untouchability should end. Women and men should have equal status in the society.
4. Legal Equality- At present the principle of legal equality is in vogue in the democratic system. The state can eliminate inequalities only by establishing legal equality.
5. Political equality - Political equality means that without discrimination against any citizen on the basis of gender, caste, religion, race and property, everyone should be given equal opportunities to participate in governance. In political equality, all citizens have equal political rights. These rights include adult suffrage, forming political parties, becoming candidates for any office, obtaining government office and forming the government, etc.
6.Economic Equality- Economic equality means a system in which all citizens have access to the minimum or basic necessities of life without any discrimination.
Economic equality mainly includes the following elements-
- Equal pay should be given for equal work. There should be no discrimination between men and women in this matter.E
- very person should have the opportunity to fulfill the minimum necessities of life. These needs include bread, cloth, house, education and medicine.
- The disparity in wealth between the rich and the poor should be minimal.
- Fair employment opportunities should be available to all.
- Social security should be provided to the people in case of unemployment, disability and old age.
- Control over the means of production and distribution.
- Human beings should not be exploited economically.
- The nature of the economy should be socialist and public welfare.
- Everyone should get a fair reward for his labor.
7. Equality of education- Equality of education means providing equal educational opportunities to all its citizens by the state without any discrimination of religion, color, sex, race and caste.
8. Equality of Opportunity- Equality of opportunity gives the real nature of equality. The state should provide its citizens with proper opportunities for proper development.
9. Cultural equality - Cultural equality means that the state should treat the majority and minority sections equally. They should be given proper opportunity to protect their language, script and culture. Cultural equality has been provided in the Constitution of India.
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