Indus Valley Civilization
About 5000 years ago, a beautiful, excellent and advanced civilization erupted in the tributaries and valleys of the Indus and the Indus which is called the Indus Valley Civilization.
The Indus Valley Civilization is one of the four oldest civilizations in the world. Development of these civilizations-
- In the basins of the Indus and its tributaries in India.
- On the banks of the Nile in Africa.
- On the basins of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in Mesopotamia and
- This civilization developed around the Yang Ti Siqiang rivers in China.
The Greek civilization probably came a little later than these four civilizations. In terms of its antiquity, the history of India's well-developed and well-developed civilization and culture begins with the Indus Valley being discovered.
The credit of discovering this unknown civilization goes to 'Rai Bahadur Dayaram Sahni'. He got this place excavated in 1921 under the direction of 'Sir John Marshall', Director General of the Archaeological Survey Department. About a year later, in 1922, under the leadership of 'Shri Rakhal Das Banerjee', another place was discovered during the excavation of a Buddhist stupa located in Mohenjodaro of 'Larkana' district of Sindh province of Pakistan. After coming to the light of this latest place, it was assumed that possibly this civilization was confined to the valley of the Indus river, hence the name of this civilization was named 'Indus Valley Civilization'. For the first time in 1927, due to the excavation at a site called 'Harappa', the name 'Indus Civilization' was named 'Harappan Civilization'. But over time 'Piggot' described Harappa and Mohenjodaro as 'twin capitals of a vast empire'.
So far, about 1000 sites of this civilization have been discovered in the Indian subcontinent, of which only a few have been found in a mature state. The names of some of the major cities are:-
- Harappa
- Mohenjodaro
- Chanhudaro
- Lothal,
- Kalibanga
- Hisar
- Banavali etc.
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